Identification of a New Pathogen: a new infectious agent, or a novel strain of an existing pathogen, is identified and can cause significant illness
Sustained Human-to-Human Transmission: the disease shows sustained human-to-human transmission, meaning it can spread continuously among people
Widespread Geographical Spread: the disease spreads across multiple countries and continents, indicating that it is no longer confined to a specific region
Severity of Disease: the disease causes serious illness or death, indicating a high potential for widespread health impact
Impact on Society and Health Systems: the disease has a substantial impact on society, health systems, economies, and daily life, often overwhelming healthcare resources
Based on what has happened during previous pandemics, it is likely to occur in one or more waves, possibly weeks or months apart. In the UK up to half the population could be directly affected. The last serious outbreak was the COVID-19 pandemic declared in 2020. Each pandemic is different and, until the virus starts circulating, it is impossible to predict its full effects.
We keep up to date with the latest health information, provided by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). Each organisation within the forum works to make sure their plans are robust to help protect the public.
Locally and nationally, we run through what a response to a pandemic would look like, lots of agencies are included when we do this. This helps us to test our readiness should a pandemic occur. In addition, individual organisations have their own business continuity plans in place which supports them in knowing what they will do if a pandemic happens.
All age groups could be affected but perhaps in different ways
There might be a risk to life
The elderly and vulnerable could experience harder impacts on their health
Responding organisations could be under significant strain
Normal life is likely to face widespread disruption, including education and businesses
Significant changes to everyday life, movement of people, working and schooling
Lower levels of care
Long and frequent disruption to essential services
Reduced levels of emergency services cover
Disruptions to businesses and organisations through staff shortages and supply chain interruptions
Impacts on the national and local economy
To help you and your family be better prepared for a pandemic:
Keep healthy – a healthy lifestyle can be a great defence against infectious diseases. Other healthy tips are:
Hand washing: wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
Respiratory hygiene: cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing
Avoid touching face: minimize touching your face, especially eyes, nose, and mouth
Social distancing: maintain a safe distance from others, avoid large gatherings, and minimize close contact
Identify a friend or family member: who could collect your medication, food and other supplies should you have to isolate from the public
Create an emergency medicine supply: ensure you have an adequate supply of prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and first aid supplies
Emergency contacts: have a list of emergency contacts, including family, friends, healthcare providers, and local emergency services
Communication plan: establish a way to communicate with family and friends if regular communication channels are disrupted
Work and school: plan for remote work and virtual learning options if necessary
Keep a supply: of soap, hand sanitizer, disinfectants, and personal protective equipment such as face coverings and gloves
Get vaccinated: annual vaccines can help reduce the risk of known infectious diseases such as flu and COVID-19
Look out for advice and guidance: from the NHS and UK Health Security Agency
Identify neighbours: who might need help or might be able to help you if needed
Carry tissues with you: using them to catch your coughs and sneezes, binning the tissue and washing your hands
Local resources: be aware of local resources and support services
Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces as bacteria and viruses can live on some surfaces for hours
Routine: maintain a daily routine to provide structure
Stay connected: use phone, video calls, and social media to stay in touch with loved ones
Activities: engage in hobbies, exercise, and relaxation techniques to manage stress and anxiety. For up to date information regarding emerging news or guidance in relation to a pandemic, please visit national partner agencies such as the UK Health Security Agency or NHS England.
Follow the guidance on the “prepare yourself” page
If you are unwell, try to stay home or avoid contact with other people. Some diseases have specific exclusion periods: read more about these on the NHS website.
If travelling outside of the UK, visit the National Travel Health Network website and read the NHS travel vaccination guidance and if needed, get vaccinated before you travel.
The NHS website has helpful information and advice on effective hand washing, including pictures and videos.
The e-Bug website operated by the UK Health Security Agency provides free resources for parents to use to teach children about hand and respiratory hygiene
Follow advice and guidance from trusted sources such as the UKHSA and the NHS.
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